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Wolf Species | Dog Domestication | Dingo & Primitive Dogs
Dog Breed Books | Wolf & Canid Books | Origins of the Dog

The search for the origins of the dog has led to a group of primitive canines including the dingo of Australia and southeast Asia, the New Guinea Singing Dog and other less well known pariah-type dogs. Based on genetic data, researchers believe that the domestic dog evolved from the wolf in East Asia. Click for this guide.



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Wolf Subspecies - Progenitor of Dogs     [ Top ]

Wolf subspecies:  profiles, photographs of several wolf subspecies mentioned as possible ancestors of early dogs including the Indian wolf [Canis lupus pallipes], one of the smallest gray wolves, and the Arabian wolf [Canis lupus arabs], the smallest of all wolves, just 26 inches tall.  Also Eurasia wolf, Eurasian tundra wolf.

Worldwide status of wolf species: with maps showing former and current ranges for subspecies often said to be related to domestic dogs, including the Arabian wolf, Eurasian wolf and Indian wolf, and more on wolf status with maps showing current and former habitats and listings of subspecies by country

Wolf subspecies worldwide:   brief profiles for numerous subspecies, and selected photos for various subspecies including for these smaller wolves:
·  Arabian Wolf or Canis lupus arabs
·  Indian Wolf
or Canis lupus pallipes
·  Tibetan Wolf
or Canis lupus laniger, also called Canis lupus chanco, also
   the wolf species of China and Mongolia

Wolf populations worldwide:  with maps and charts showing the subspecies for different countries, including China, India, Israel. More on wolf subspecies:
·  Arabian Wolf and Arabian Wolf, and Arabian Wolf in Egypt
· 
Grey Wolf with photos showing color and size variation
·  Indian Wolf biology, with new research showing no genetic links between
   the Indian Wolf or the Himalayan Wolf and the dogs of India, suggesting early
   domestic dogs were brought to India from elsewhere

Modern wild dogs: including Ethiopian wolf, dhole, more, with comments on wolf subspecies potentially ancestral to domestic dogs


Domestication of Dogs
    
[ Top ]

Dog origins earlier than thought:   genetic research puts the start of dog domestication earlier than the dates obtained via archaeology, according to  research by Robert Wayne and colleagues

Dogs domesticated near China: about 15,000 years ago, says Peter Savolainen and colleagues, asserting that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia. Their work was based on work comparing Old World dog and wolf genes, and finding greater canine genetic diversity in Asia, indicating a greater time span had allowed more mutations and genetic changes to occur

Role of thyroxine in dog pre-domestication [pdf] from wild dogs, wolves

Multiple interbreeding of female dog lineages occurred during domestication, and it is possible that domestic dogs diverged from five female wolf lineages

Origins of the domestic dog:   what traits separate wolf from dog? Shorter muzzle and smaller teeth are two. Yet wolf and dog are almost indentical genetically.

Early dogs found in Russia: the oldest evidence of dog domestication -- ancient skulls with shorter jaws -- has been found in the area of western Russia called Bryansk, near Ukraine and Belarus.  Found with bones of reindeer, mammoth and Arctic fox, the skulls are estimated to be 14,000 years old or more.

Early dogs found in Israel: in northern Israel, at the Natufian culture site called Ein Mallaha, the articulated bones of a young dog or wolf puppy dated to some 12,000 years ago, were found under the left hand of a human skeleton, suggesting an important relationship and perhaps early domestication.

Dogs evolved to read human cues: and other recent research on the early phases of dog domestication, and details on how Brian Hare conducted the studies that show dog do better than wolves and better than chimpanzees too in using human cues to find hidden food

Domestic dogs from Asia entered the New World: with the earliest people to cross the Bering Strait region, and more about this influential research that used ancient dog remains from Peru, Boliva, Mexico and Alaska, discovering ancient New World dogs were more like Asian wolves than North American wolves


Primitive Dogs, Pariah Dogs
    
[ Top ]

"Almost Universal Primitive Type of Dog":  dingos, Asian pariah dogs and the Carolina dogs are said to share a so-called “long-term pariah morphotype” or LTPM with the dogs typically 35-45 pounds in weight and 20-25 inches tall

Dingo, Carolina Dog & the First Dogs: can these unique dogs -- from Australia and North Carolina -- be related?

Curled-tail dogs of ancient Egypt:  dogs with curled tails reminiscent of the basenji and pariah dog found on 4,000 years old limestone stela

Pariah dogs around the world look much alike:  pariah dogs are semi-tame canids that typically live on the fringe of human settlements from Egypt and Israel to India to southeast Asia and Australia. North America's Carolina dogs compared with Australia's dingos, pariah dogs of India and Egypt, Bedouin Canaan dogs of Israel.

Pariah dogs of the world:  photo gallery allows comparison of the pariah dogs of Egypt and India; Bedouin dogs, feral Canaan dogs and domestic Canaan dogs of Israel; Dingos of Australia; and Carolina dogs of North America.

Primitive dog breeds:   article and list of such ancient and related breeds as the Dingo and the Telomian, and more on Dingo & Pariah breeds as well as photos of 8 breeds including the Canaan Dog and Telomian and larger ones of these:
·  Indian Pariah Dog
·  Indian Santal Dog
·  New Guinea Singing Dog
· 
Africa's Basenji

Basenji & Pariah breeds:   Africa's ancient pariah dog, the basenji shares traits with natural dogs such as the dingo and New Guinea singing dog, and more on the origin and history of the Basenji including photos of early imports. Note the wrinked forehead.  While the breed is often ginger colored, import Phemister's Congo was piebald [white with tan patches]. The ancient presence of this dog type in Egypt is seen in the fact that Egyptian hieroglyphs for dog look like Basenjis or pariahs.

Canaan Dog origin in pariah dogs:  the pariah dogs of the Middle East -- living as feral dogs is Israel's Negev Desert -- provided the genetic stock for development of the breed in the 20th century.   Evidence of this dog type -- spots and all -- can be found in drawings in the tomb of Beni-Hassan in Egypt dated to 2000 B.C.  And a photo of  Dugma, the first dog in the Canaan Dog Registry.

Canaan Dog Type Established:  Dr. Rudolphina Menzel established the breed from Israel's pariah dogs - with chart of pariah dog head types, and more about using Type III pariah dogs for the breed, and differences with mixed breed dogs

Canaan Dog History and more details plus photos of this natural breed and a series of photo galleries featuring:
·  Canaan Dogs of the Bedouin: ginger, black or black and white
·  Semi-wild Canaan Dogs of Israel:
Negev Desert, white
·  Pariah Dogs in Israel:
short animated slide show
·  Canaans today around the world
and more photo galleries

Canaan Dog: a feral canine until the late 1930s, this breed was established in Israel.  Text and photos explain the correct look for the Canaan dog including:
·  body in profile as well as coat colors
·  head shape & expression
·  ear shape, size & set
compared to German Shepherd, Siberian Husky
·  tail shape & set

Canaan Dog in ancient Spitz family:  the world's pariah dogs belong to the spitz family, from North America, Europe, Middle East and Africa to Iran, south-east Asia and Australia, and a brief history.

Carolina Dogs: so-called dingoes of North America, perhaps the companions of the first Americans, and another look at this possibly ancient dog.

Genetic research underway on these dogs, a Carolina Dog profile in Dog Fancy, and an article from Smithsonian Magazine including the basic mtDNA results as well as the "great arc of the red dog" and role of thyroxine in domestication

Dingo:  a look at the southeast Asian origins of this pariah dog of the aborigines of Australia, and photos of dingos from western, southeastern and southern Australia, and the dingo's physical characteristics including colors ranging from cream to sandy yellow to ginger to black with tan and white markings, seen in photos

Dingo: the ancient dog of Asia and Australia, arrived "Down Under" more recently than once thought, likely 5,000 years ago, and their lack of genetic diversity suggests few dingoes, maybe one pregnant female, made the trip from Asia.

Dingo distribution in southeast Asia is explained. Is the dingo wild or feral? And a dingo photo & profile plus more on the dingo

Jindo of Korea:  a native dog of Korea, said to be purebred on Jindo Island, a breed with varied appearances, with some Jindo dogs reminiscent of dingos while other Jindo dogs remind one of Shiba Inu.  View the full photo gallery.   This breed is also called Chindot-kae or Chin-do Island Dog, a valued hunting dog, and a feature article on Chindo Dog - Proud Korean Breed [pdf]

Jindo Type: Head:   which is the Jindo, Dingo, Kishu or the Ainu Dog also called Hokkaido? Learn more about Korea's Jindo and the Jindo as a serious dog

Korea's Jindo & Sapsaree:  genetic research links these two native breeds with the next closest being the Eskimo dog, and a look at the Pungsan Dog, a native spitz-type dog of North Korea, including a photo gallery of these white- or cream- colored dogs slightly larger than the Jindo, with more about the Poongsan Dog as well as the story and photos of Poongsan puppies given at the North Korea/South Korea Summit

New Guinea Singing Dog:  pariah dog of the native people of New Guinea, known for its distinctive yodel, and a photo gallery featuring adults and puppies, and a photo of an NGSD showing the typical ginger-colored coat, white-tipped tail and black shading on the muzzle, and more on the history of this "living fossil"

New Guinea Singing Dog:   a profile with photos, and another NGSD profile and a detailed look at the New Guinea Singing Dog including its range, behavior, reproduction and more, plus more photos and another singing dog photo.

Tahltan Bear Dog: pariah dog of the native people of British Columbia, Canada, with sketch and history of this now extinct breed

Telomian:   pariah dog of the aboriginal people of Malaysia, with photo and breed history, and a photo of a Telomian in a photo gallery of other Dingo/Pariah dogs, and a standard for the breed

Thai Bangkaew Dog - said to be 100 years old, but of ancient spitz type, and its breed standard, more Bangkaew pictures, a larger photo, puppies [Thai text]

Thai Ridgeback Dog: evolved from the pariah dogs of southeast Asia

Progenitor Breeds     [ Top ]

Researcher envisions 10 "progenitor breeds":  they are the ancestors for the key dog types of today. 

10 dog breed groupings:   sight hounds, scent hounds, working and guard, toy and companion, northern, flushing spaniels, "water spaniel/retrievers, pointers, terriers, and herding dogs.

In this theory, the progenitor breeds include:
· 
Canaan dog type for herding dogs, plus discussion of the origins of pointers,
   terriers and toys
·  greyhound for the sighthound breeds, hunters in the desert
·  Irish water spaniel for the spaniel and retriever group
·  mastiff for defending dog breeds like the Rottweiler, Saint Bernard
·  Norwegian elkhound for northern breeds like Alaskan malamutes, Keeshonds,
   Samoyeds.
.

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The Domestic Dog: Its

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Genetics and the
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Dogs in Antiquity: Anubis
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To Learn More:    [ Top ]

  UCLA News: · Humans Brought Domestic Dogs to New World
  Date:  December 2, 2002  |  Contact:  Stuart Wolpert, UCLA

· Nature Science Update:  Stone Age Man Kept a Dog
 
Date:  November 23, 2002 | By Kendall Powell

· BBC:  Origins of Dog Traced
  Date:  November 22, 2002 | By Christine McGourty

· CNN:   Origin of Dogs Traced to China
  Date:  November 23, 2002 | By the Associated Press

· New York Times:   "From Wolf to Dog - Yes But When?"
  Date: November 22, 2002 | By Nicholas Wade

· 1997 Article at WDW:  Dogs May Date Back 100,000 Years

  UCLA News: Dogs May Date Back 100,000 Years to Hunter-Gatherers
  Date: June 10, 1997  |  Contact: By Stuart Wolpert

· Wayne's 1997 Science Article on Dog Origins

ORDER THIS BOOK:  Dogs:  A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior & Evolution by Raymond & Lorna Coppinger

READ: A Review of Ray & Lorna Coppinger's "Dogs: A Startling New Understanding of Canine Origins, Behavior & Evolution" by Barbara Bradley Petura, WorkingDogWeb.com webmaster

READ: An Interview with Ray & Lorna Coppinger with Barbara Bradley Petura, WorkingDogWeb.com webmaster

LINKS: Try the following for more research articles:
·  Molecular Evolution of the Dog Family
·  The Multiple and Ancient Origins of the Domestic Dog


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